Ethical Hacking – Terminologies
Followings is the list of important terms used in the field of hacking:
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Adware – Adware is software designed to force pre-chosen ads to display on your system.
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Attack – An attack is an action that os done on a system to get its access and extract sensitive and personal data.
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Back door – A back door, or trap door, is a hidden entry to a computing device or software that bypasses security measures, such as logins and password protections.
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Bot – A bot is a program that automates an action so that it can be done repeatedly at a much higher rate for a more sustained period than a human operator could do it. For example, sending HTTP, FTP, or Telnet at a higher rate or calling script to create objects at a higher rate.
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Botnet – A botnet, also called as zombie army, is a group of computers controlled without their owners’ knowledge. Botnets are used to send spam or make denial of service attacks.
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Brute force attack – A brute force attack is an automated and the simplest kind of method to gain access to a system or a website. It tries different combination of usernames and passwords, over and over again, until it gets in.
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Buffer overflow – Buffer overflow is a flaw that occurs when more data is written to a block of memory, or buffer, than the buffer is allocated to hold.
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Clone phishing – It is the modification of an existing, legitimate email with a false link to trick the recipient into providing personal information.
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Cracker – A cracker is one who modifies the software to access the features which ate considered undesirable by the person cracking the software, especially copy protection features.
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Denial of service attack ( DoS ) – A denial of service attack is a malicious attempt to make a server or a network resource unavailable to users, usually by temporary interruption.
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Exploit kit – An exploit kit is software system designed to run on web servers, with the purpose of identifying software vulnerabilities in client machines communicating with it and exploiting discovered vulnerabilities to upload and execute code to a client.
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Exploit – Exploit is a piece of software, a collection of data, or a sequence of commands that takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability to compromise the security of a computer or network system.
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Firewall – a firewall is a filter designed to keep unwanted intruders outside a computer system or a network while allowing safe communication between systems and users on the inside of the firewall.
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Keystroke logging – Keystroke logging is the process of tracking the keys which are pressed on a computer. It is simply the map of a computer. It is used by gray and black hat hackers to record logins IDs and passwords. Keyloggers are usually secreted onto a device using a Trojan delivered by a phishing email.
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Logic bomb – A virus secreted into a system that triggers a malicious action when certain conditions are met. The most common version is the time bomb.
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Malware – Malware is an umbrella term used to refer to a variety of forms if hostile or intrusive software, including computer viruses, ransomware, spyware, adware, scareware, and others malicious programs.
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Master Program – A master program is the program that is used by black hat hackers to transmit commands to infected zombie drones, normally to spam attacks.
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Phishing – Phishing is an email fraud method in which the perpetrator sends link, in an attempt to gather personal and financial information.
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Phreaker – They are the original computer hackers and they are those who break into the telephone network illegally, to make free long distance phone calls or to trap phone lines.
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Rootkit – Rootkit is a type of software, designed to hide the existence of certain processes from normal methods of detection.
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Shrink Wrap code – It is an act of exploiting holes in unpatched or poor software.
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Social engineering – It implies deceiving someone with the purpose of acquiring information, like credit card details or user names and passwords.
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Spam – It is simply an unsolicited email sent to a large number of recipients without their consent.
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Spoofing – It is a technique to gain unauthorized access to a computers, whereby the hacker sends. messages to a computer with an IP address indicating that the message is coming from a trusted host.
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Spyware – It is software that aims to gather information about a person or organization without their knowledge and that may send information to another company.
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SQL Injection – It is an SQL code injection technique, used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution.
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Trojan – A Trojan is a malicious program disguised to look like a valid program, making it difficult to distinguish from programs that are supposed to be there designed with an intention to destroy files and other information.
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Vulnerability – It is a weak point which allows a hacker to compromise the security of a computer or network system.
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Cross-site Scripting – XSS is a type of computer security vulnerability found in web applications. XSS enables attackers to inject client-side script into web pages viewed by other users.
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Zombie Drone – It is defined as a hijacked computer that is being used anonymously as a drone for malicious activity.
